The European Central Bank reported that median consumer perceptions of inflation over the past 12 months held steady in August, while median inflation expectations rose across all horizons, according to the Consumer Expectations Survey . The survey, published by the ECB, showed that the median rate of perceived inflation over the previous 12 months was 3.5% in August, matching the July reading. Median expectations for inflation over the next 12 months climbed to 3.0% from 2.9% in July. Expectations for inflation three years ahead rose to 2.9% from 2.7%, and expectations five years ahead increased to 2.5% from 2.4%. Uncertainty about near-term inflation expectations declined but stayed above the level seen before the conflict in the Middle East began.
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